ls: command options

Option Action

-a                  list hidden files

-d                  list the name of the current directory

-F                  show directories with a trailing ‘/’
executable files with a trailing ‘*’

-g                  show group ownership of file in long listing

-i                  print the inode number of each file

-l                  long listing giving details about files
and directories

-R                  list all subdirectories encountered

-t                  sort by time modified instead of name

What is Mod_Bandwidth

“Mod_bandwidth” (mod bandwidth) is a module for the Apache webserver that enable the setting of server-wide or per connection bandwidth limits, based on the directory, size of files and remote IP/domain.

For Apache 1.3x. ONLY! This how-to is not compatible with old versions of apache, including but not limited to 1.3beta

How to install mod_bandwidth

1. Login to your server via SSH as root.

2. Type: mkdir /root/mod_bw

3. Type: cd /root/mod_bw

4. Type: wget ftp://ftp.cohprog.com/pub/apache/module/1.3.0/mod_bandwidth.c

5. Type: /usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -c /root/mod_bw/mod_bandwidth.c -o /usr/local/apache/libexec/mod_bandwidth.so

6. Type: mkdir /usr/local/apache/bw_limit

7. Type: mkdir /usr/local/apache/bw_limit/link

8. Type: mkdir /usr/local/apache/bw_limit/master

9. Type: pico -w /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

10. Locate the following Line: LoadModule rewrite_module libexec/mod_rewrite.so

11. Before the above line add this:
LoadModule bandwidth_module libexec/mod_bandwidth.so

12. Now locate this line: AddModule mod_env.c

13. Before the above line add this:
AddModule mod_bandwidth.c

14. Now locate this line: # Document types.

15. Before the above line add this:
BandWidthDataDir “/usr/local/apache/bw_limit”
BandWidthModule On

16. To enable mod_bandwidth on a virtual host locate the virtual host entry for the specified domain/acount you wish to limit. Just before the line add the following:
BandWidthModule On
BandWidth all 512

The 512 can be replaced with whatever rate you wish to limit the acount too.

17. Save the file and exit.
CTRL-X then Y then enter.

18. Type: service httpd restart

19. Type: cd /usr/sbin

20. Type: wget ftp://ftp.cohprog.com/pub/apache/module/cleanlink.pl

What is cleanlink?
Cleanlink is a deamon that is used to clean links created by mod_bandwidth when they aren’t removed properly by the server. (When a httpd process doesn’t terminate the usual way.)

21. Type: chmod 755 cleanlink.pl

22. Type: pico -w cleanlink.pl

23. Change $LINKDIR to the following:
$LINKDIR=”/usr/local/apache/bw_limit/link”;

24. Save the file and exit.
CTRL-X then Y then enter.

25. Type: perl cleanlink.pl

26. Type: pico -w /etc/rc.d/rc.local

27. Scroll down to the very end of the file and add the following:
# The following line Launches CleanLink for Mod_Bandwidth
perl /usr/sbin/cleanlink.pl

28. Save the file and exit.
CTRL-X then Y then enter.

mod_bandwidth has many options. If you wish to modify mod_bandwidth and enable more options please visit the documentation available by the programmer here: http://www.cohprog.com/v3/bandwidth/doc-en.html

A restart was attempted automagically.
Service Check Method: [check command]

Cmd Service Check Raw Output: Exim is not running

This is a bug in Exim
here are the steps how i fix this problem

Hello friends
you can doit by SSH
I first ran:

/scripts/eximup –force –source

I then removed the old exim RPM, which was preventing the correct one from

being updated.

I then ran:

/scripts/eximup –force

Exim is now up well.

Thank you.

Hi friends everybuddy wanted security about their webserver and updated everytime
you can get an email when anybuddy login via root though ssh.

To accomplish this you will need to edit the file .bash_profile.
At command prompt type the below command:

pico .bash_profile

At the end of the file add following code:

echo ‘ALERT – Root Access from:’ `date` `who` | mail -s “Alert: Root Access from `who | awk ‘{print $6}’`” admin@gmail.com

Replace this with your email “admin@gmail.com”

If  anybuddy login via ssh root  then you will recieve an email.

Installing mod_limitipconn.c

This is the distribution page for the Apache module mod_limitipconn.c, which
allows web server administrators to limit the number of simultaneous
downloads permitted from a single IP address.

Why did I write this module? Well, I run an mp3 server which since its
inception was being constantly hosed by people who were trying to download
dozens of files at once. For months I scoured the Internet looking for a
code snippet that would solve this problem. The closest thing I found was this
patch against an old version of Apache, and it didn’t run properly on my Linux box
(that was back then; nowadays, the patch doesn’t even apply cleanly to the
Apache source tree).

Finally I gave up and decided to write something to do the job myself, and
here’s the result.
=================
Log into ssh

(Apache 1.3.x) -
cd /usr/src
http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.04.tar.gz
tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.04.tar.gz
cd mod_limitipconn-0.04

(Apache 2.0.x)
cd /usr/src
http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
cd mod_limitipconn-0.22

pico Makefile
find the line that reads APXS=apxs
change that to
APXS=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs

press cntrl O to save
then cntrl X

// if your locations to apxs is different
locate apxs and copy the path
then paste that in
//

make
make install

service httpd restart

pico -w /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

locate ExtendedStatus
Make sure ExtendedStatus is on and without the comment at the start

and add this line to every virtual directory you want to limit
or add it once to the main directory to limit all

MaxConnPerIP 3
# exempting images from the connection limit is often a good
# idea if your web page has lots of inline images, since these
# pages often generate a flurry of concurrent image requests
NoIPLimit image/*

MaxConnPerIP 1
# In this case, all MIME types other than audio/mpeg and video*
# are exempt from the limit check
OnlyIPLimit audio/mpeg video

press cntrl O to save
then cntrl X
then service

httpd restart
When i try it i have limit /download location and works really good. so dude enjoy